用户:Grotton JXz Donbrako/Psychology/Chapter 1

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What is psychology?

  • Psychology is the study of the brain, mental processes, observable behavior, human and animal development, and social interactions.

  • Psychology was once a part of philosophy.
  • Philosophers such as Rene Descartes, John Locke, and Thomas Hobbes speculated on human nature.

  • Rene Descartes believed that the physical world follows a set of observable laws or rules.
  • He believed creatures are similar to machines, in that they are governed by laws and behave in predictable ways.

  • Descartes believe that humans are the exception to this rule because they possess minds.
  • He makes a distinction between the body and the mind.
  • The mind is not observable and is not subject to the natural laws.
  • He thought the mind and body interact through the pineal gland.

  • John Locke believed that even the mind is under the control of rules or laws.
  • Locke believed that the world could be understood through empiricism – gathering knowledge and understanding the world through observation and experience.
  • Locke thought that humans are born as a tabula rasa, meaning a blank slate, and that everything we know has to be learned.

History/Philosophy

  • One way to organize all of the ideas in psychology is by categorizing psychological theories and ideas into various schools of thought.
  • Each school of thought has a certain way of describing some aspect of behavior, mental process, or social interaction.
    • Structuralism
    • Functionalism
    • Psychoanalysis
    • Behavioral
    • Cognitive
    • Humanistic
    • Biological/Biomedical
    • Sociocultural
    • Biopsychosocial

Structuralism

  • Wilhelm Wundt set up the first psychology lab in Leipzig, Germany.
  • Wilhelm Wundt championed the school of thought in psychology called Structuralism, “father of structuralism.”
  • Structuralism is an attempt to breakdown the ‘elements’ of perception into smaller understandable units – similar to how a chemist breaks down a compound into its elements.
  • The sensation of ‘red’ or ‘sharp’ or ‘hard’ is understood as an ‘element’ of consciousness.

  • Trained subjects in introspection.
    • Introspection is the examination or observation of one’s own mental and emotional processes.
  • He asked trained subjects to record their cognitive reactions to simple stimuli.
    • Describe this ______, and tell me your sensation of it.

Schools of Thought

Summary(很遗憾,此处为空)

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